BONENT Certified Hemodialysis Technologist/Technician (CHT) Practice Exam

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• What is methemoglobinemia associated with in relation to water quality?
• What is the minimum number of months of experience required to sit for the certification exam?
• Normal saline, used for priming the dialyzer, is considered what type of solution?
• Which condition can lead to postrenal failure?
• What is the primary action of normal saline in hemodialysis?
• What is the normal range for potassium levels in the blood?
• What is the acceptable maximum total microbial count of dialysate?
• What is the average size and weight of the kidneys?
• What is the purpose of a cartridge prefilter in an RO system?
• What can be a serious consequence of hypokalemia?
• What is a pseufoaneurysm?
• What is the normal albumin level in the blood?
• What does the glomerulus allow to pass through?
• What does sequential ultrafiltration accomplish during hemodialysis?
• Which substance is known to momentarily increase blood pressure?
• Which procedure is used to cleanse and remix the media in a dialysis filter?
• What is a common cause of pseufoaneurysm?
• What does 'first use syndrome' in dialysis refer to?
• What can levels of sulfate greater than 200 mg/L cause?
• What is the primary role of disinfection in a medical context?
• What is the normal range for calcium levels in mg/dl?
• What are some symptoms of chlorine toxicity in water?
• Which component is primarily used to prevent backflow in water treatment systems?
• The kidneys contribute to homeostasis by regulating what in addition to electrolytes?
• Which of the following is a sign of exsanguination?
• What is the national average of Kt/V for hemodialysis?
• What is the main concern with phosphate binders in renal failure patients?
• What psychological effect might result from dialysis dementia?
• What comprises the nephron in the human body?
• What does the process of back washing involve?
• How is water quality monitored in dialysate preparations?
• Intracellular fluid is best described as:
• What is ethylene oxide commonly used for?
• What are the two compartments of a dialyzer?
• What general condition does neuropathy refer to?
• What does TCV measure?
• Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of uremia?
• Which term describes the transport that occurs when molecules are carried along with a solvent through a semipermeable membrane?
• What is the normal range for phosphorus levels in mg/dl?
• What substance is effectively removed during the ultrafiltration process in hemodialysis?
• What are the two types of di tanks used in dialysis?
• What does uremia refer to?
• What is an appropriate treatment for hypocalcemia?
• Which type of filter is the most common for sediments in water treatment?
• What is a common cause of hemolysis?
• What does ultrafiltration entail in a dialysis context?
• In which year was the first artificial kidney developed?
• What is the protein associated with amyloidosis?
• What role does the pressure gradient play in ultrafiltration?
• What is the normal plasma intact parathyroid hormone level range in pg/ml?
• What do AAMI standards for water treatment include?
• What is the primary concern with patients who have low potassium levels and are on digoxin therapy?
• What is the primary aim of Empty Bed Contact Time in carbon tanks?
• Which process primarily indicates the effectiveness of the dialysis treatment in removing toxins from the blood?
• What defines arrhythmia in a medical context?
• What condition is characterized by an excess of acid in the blood?
• What is the effect of high sodium (hypernatremia) on the body?
• What is generally not included in AAMI standards for water treatment?
• What does the term 'contact time' refer to in germicide use?
• What is the main purpose of a carbon tank in a water treatment system?
• What may indicate injury to the kidneys resulting in intrarenal failure?
• Which components are included in feed water systems?
• What metabolic consequence can hypocalcemia lead to?
• What is the primary function of calcitriol?
• Which hormone helps in regulating the body's calcium levels?
• What is the name of the membrane that lines the inside of the abdomen?
• What is the primary purpose of an indirect feed RO distribution system?
• What components make up the dialysate solution?
• Which types of treated water are most prone to bacterial contamination?
• What is the key component used to alter blood in hemodialysis?
• What measurement indicates the effectiveness of dialysis treatment?
• What is the normal range for hemoglobin levels in adults?
• What is the role of sodium (Na+) in the body?
• How is the Ultrafiltration Rate defined in hemodialysis?
• What is the acceptable glucose level range in mg/dl?
• Interstitial fluid can be described as:
• How is the water pressure calculated in relation to flow in an RO machine?
• What is the normal range for magnesium levels in mg/dl?
• What is the function of a multimedia filter in a dialysis system?
• What factors affect the clearance of the dialyzer?
• Which symptom is associated with dialysis dementia?
• What is the maximum acceptable sulfate level in dialysis patients?
• Which symptoms are indicative of hypocalcemia?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the pre-treatment system for hemodialysis?
• Which of the following indicates an abnormal calcium phosphorus level?
• What results from high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
• What is the primary cause of intrarenal failure?
• During hemodialysis reprocessing, which chemical is commonly used for disinfection?
• Sodium plays a major role in:
• When was the first external shunt developed, and who was involved in its creation?
• What is the normal serum ferritin level in ng/ml?
• Under what condition is renal osteodystrophy most likely to occur?
• What does transferrin saturation reflect regarding a patient's health?
• Why are granular activated charcoal materials used in water treatment?
• What essential role does fluoride play in the body?
• Thrombosis in dialysis patients can lead to what serious condition?
• What are common signs and symptoms of sodium being too high or low?
• What needs to be felt for during the assessment of a fistula or graft?
• The Kiil dialyzer was constructed using which materials?
• What calcium phosphorus level is abnormal?
• What is the purpose of dialysate in dialysis treatment?
• What type of device is used to prevent backflow in dialysis treatment systems?
• What can hypotension during dialysis indicate?
• Which of the following accurately describes the role of hemoglobin?
• What is the acceptable range of post hardness in water used for dialysis?
• Which electrolyte is associated with high levels leading to hypercalcemia?
• What does azotemia refer to?
• What is the normal sodium level range in meq/l for patients undergoing hemodialysis?
• What is the normal creatinine level range in mg/dl?
• What does adsorption refer to in the context of dialyzers?
• What is an example of a factor that leads to prerenal failure?
• What is the primary function of the dialyzer?
• Which of the following refers to the normal phosphorus level in blood in mg/dl?
• What device is used to increase water flow or pressure?
• What does the flow velocity in hemodialysis indicate?
• What is the primary function of a water softener?
• Patients on digoxin therapy may exhibit what kind of potassium level?
• What is considered a normal protein intake for dialysis patients?
• Which of the following best describes hypokalemia?
• What is edema associated with in patients undergoing hemodialysis?
• What does the presence of decreased glomerular filtration rate indicate?
• What does a positive thrill indicate when assessing a fistula?
• Uremia is most commonly associated with which of the following?
• In what year was the first internal arteriovenous (AV) fistula invented?
• In hemodialysis, what is the consequence of prolonged hyponatremia?
• What is creatinine?
• In the context of hemodialysis, what is the primary significance of the Kt/V ratio?
• What is the main purpose of using high dialysate flow rates during hemodialysis?
• What is the purpose of a sphygmomanometer in a dialysis setting?
• What condition is indicated by hypernatremia?
• What type of blood pump is associated with occlusion during hemodialysis?
• Which term describes a shift from normal heart rhythm?
• Which of the following symptoms is least likely to occur with first use syndrome?
• Which of the following is a potential consequence of stenosis?
• Which of the following can lead to prerenal failure due to reduced blood flow?
• Hypocalcemia is characterized by what primary deficiency?
• What is the designation of the first carbon tank in a two-tank filtration system?
• What does the RO (reverse osmosis) process primarily remove from water?
• Which of the following is NOT a sign of dialysis dementia?
• What is the kuf range for high-efficiency dialyzers?
• What is the condition characterized by large fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys?
• What is the key factor to monitor in the water quality during dialysis?
• What type of filtration system is described by a sub-micron filter?
• What are anions?
• What is the primary function of sediment filters in an RO system?
• What is the characteristic of antegrade needle placement during hemodialysis?
• Which mineral is primarily a component of table salt and is found naturally in foods?
• What is amyloidosis in relation to kidney disease?
• What is a common symptom of hypokalemia?
• What is hyponatremia?
• What is the mechanism of action for formaldehyde as a germicide?
• Which ions play a significant role in maintaining acid-base balance in the body?
• What term is used to describe the removal of water from blood due to pressure gradient across the membrane?
• What is the GAC iodine rating requirement for effective use?
• What is the primary function of the kidneys?
• What defines the role of a kidney in terms of hormone production?
• What is the role of a transducer protector in a dialysis machine?
• What is charcoal hemoperfusion primarily used to treat?
• What is the minimum percentage of water quality rejection needed for acceptable standards?
• What is the highest acceptable normal range for calcium levels in mg/dl?
• What does URR measure in the context of dialysis?
• Which process involves altering the composition of blood using a dialyzer?
• What condition is characterized by burning sensations in the hands and feet?
• Which of the following are considered primary bloodborne pathogens in hemodialysis?
• What is one primary function of carbon tanks in the pre-treatment process?
• What is the minimum time water must stay in contact with charcoal in carbon tanks to effectively remove chlorine and chloramines?
• Which of the following is a vital role of phosphorus in the body?
• Urea nitrogen in the blood is a byproduct of what process?
• What occurs inside the deionizer during ion exchange?
• How do hospitals typically ensure the accuracy of dialysate concentrations?
• What effect can hyperkalemia have on the heart?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of a dialyzer?
• What is hemoglobin primarily responsible for?
• What does CQI stand for in healthcare practices?
• What does hemolysis refer to?
• What symptom is NOT typically associated with hard water syndrome?
• During peritoneal dialysis, what is primarily removed from the bloodstream?
• What does the term 'booster pump' refer to in a water treatment system?
• What is the flow rate of an RO system with an indirect feed?
• What is the acceptable potassium level range in mEq/L?
• What is defined as a rapid pulse with beats exceeding 104 beats per minute?
• What term describes a painful infection caused by peritoneal dialysis?
• What is the underlying cause of muscle weakness in hypokalemia?
• Which of the following represents a hemodialysis option?
• Which symptom might be observed in a patient with uremia?
• What does Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) represent in hemodialysis?
• What type of fluid is interstitial fluid primarily considered to be?
• Why is it important for GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) to have a high iodine rating?
• In an indirect feed RO distribution system, where is the product water held?
• Which parameter evaluates the effectiveness of dialysis in removing waste from the blood?
• What is the term for the shriveling of blood cells due to fluid loss?
• Which method is used for the measurement of kidney function in dialysis?
• What is a biofilm primarily composed of?
• What is the purpose of the chemical injection system in dialysis?
• What does UFR primarily assess in hemodialysis?
• What is the primary method of access for peritoneal dialysis (PD)?
• What is defined as the build-up of waste products in the blood?
• What does CAPD stand for in a medical context?
• What is the primary role of the catheter in peritoneal dialysis?
• What is conductivity in the context of dialysis?
• What is the minimum normal serum ferritin level in ng/ml?
• What does the acronym CHT stand for in the context of hemodialysis?
• What role do endotoxins play in water treatment standards?
• How do carbon tanks function in water treatment?
• What does biocompatibility measure regarding a dialysis membrane?
• What is a major example of a cause for intrarenal failure?
• What does Kt/V represent?
• In the context of hemodialysis, what does 'diffusion' refer to?
• What is measured before and after a filter to assess its performance?
• What effect does uremia have on the overall health of a patient?
• Which condition involves high levels of potassium in the body?
• Which symptom might indicate serious complications during dialysis, such as seizures or coma?
• What is the purpose of using phosphate binders in renal patients?
• Which of the following is the correct sequence for dialyzer reprocessing after treatment?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of decreased glomerular filtration rate?
• What does conductivity in a dialysis system indicate?
• What type of valve is used to maintain a specific temperature range for water?
• What are cations?
• What element in water does a softener specifically target?
• Calcitriol plays a crucial role in the balance of which two minerals?
• What components are included in pre-treatment for dialysis?
• What is the normal range for resting respiration rate in adults?
• What condition is characterized by inflammation of the kidney glomerulus?
• What is a Central Venous Catheter?
• What is the purpose of a temperature blending valve in a water treatment system?
• What does thrombosis refer to in the context of hemodialysis?
• What is the objective of disinfection in sanitizing medical equipment?
• What can cause urine to back up and potentially harm the kidneys?
• What condition is characterized by the build-up of nitrogenous waste due to poor kidney function?
• What is the designation of the second carbon tank in a two-tank filtration system?
• What is the flow rate of an RO system with a direct feed?
• Which three parameters are essential in the dialysate delivery system?
• How do normal kidneys compensate for fluid loss?
• The primary purpose of a blood leak detector in hemodialysis is to?
• What mechanism is primarily involved in the elimination of a majority of drugs from the body?
• What should be listened for when assessing a fistula or graft prior to dialysis?
• What is an AV fistula primarily used for in dialysis patients?
• What does filtration refer to in the context of dialysis?
• How often should the reverse osmosis (RO) operating parameters be checked?
• What symptom might accompany hypercalcemia?
• What hemoglobin level is considered to be greater than normal?
• How are most drugs eliminated from the body?
• What condition is characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
• What is the primary goal of using ion exchange in water treatment systems?
• What does the RO process utilize to remove solutes from water?
• High levels of aluminum in drinking water can lead to which medical condition?
• How does Reverse Osmosis function?
• What constitutes a solution in chemical terms?
• Individuals with chronic kidney disease would most likely need to monitor which nutrient closely?
• What size particle does Size GAC filter correspond to?
• What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
• What is the function of a semipermeable membrane?
• What is a graft in the context of hemodialysis?
• What is the typical range for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels?
• Which of the following is a common phosphate binder used in treatment?
• Which of the following is a normal hemoglobin level?
• What condition is described by the term "stenosis"?
• What is the purpose of the Direct Feed RO system?
• What is the function of gauges placed before and after the prefilter?
• What condition is characterized by the accumulation of aluminum in the brain and bones?
• What might happen if water flows back into the feed line during dialysis treatment?
• What substance is commonly added to municipal water supply to enhance its clarity?
• In which direction should the venous needle be placed during dialysis?
• What does the removal of urea from blood signify in dialysis?
• In relation to hemodialysis, what is a common effect of hyperkalemia?
• What is the primary content of the intravascular fluid compartment?
• What is meant by 'flow rate' in dialysis?
• What is the role of Mannitol in medical treatment?
• What does "hypo fusion" refer to in the context of kidney function?
• How is the calculation of recirculation performed?
• What role does erythropoietin play in the body?
• What is a potential serious outcome of Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome if not managed properly?
• Hyperkalemia can lead to which severe condition?
• How long can the Hepatitis B virus survive on a surface?
• What does a high sulfate level in dialysis patients indicate?
• What condition is identified as the leading cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
• What is deionization in the context of water treatment?
• What is the maximum allowable total endotoxin count in dialysis fluid?
• What type of reaction may occur due to contamination of water by bacteria or endotoxins?
• What is a common clinical finding among patients with exsanguination?
• Why is it important to rotate needle sites in hemodialysis?
• Which of the following is a common symptom of Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome?
• What condition occurs when the body doesn't produce enough red blood cells?
• What is the process called in which fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration?
• What condition is indicated by a rapid heart rate?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracorporeal circuit in hemodialysis?
• Which of the following is a primary component of a dialyzer?
• Which legislation allowed treatment for all ESRD patients?
• Where is the catheter typically placed in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?
• What is created when fluid is pulled through a restriction during dialysis?
• What are nephrons responsible for?
• Which medication is commonly administered to treat anemia?
• In dialysis, which electrolyte is primarily removed to help balance levels?
• What is the formula for Total Membrane Permeability (TMP)?
• What vital functions does parathyroid hormone control in the body?
• What condition is indicated by the inflammation of the membrane around the heart?
• What is contained in a carbon tank to absorb low molecular weight particles?
• What does the term 'urr' refer to in hemodialysis?
• How does metabolic acidosis affect patient health during dialysis?
• What does the term pruritus refer to?
• What happens to the contaminants and some water in the RO process?
• What is the role of a booster pump in a hemodialysis system?
• What is hemoglobin primarily known for in red blood cells?
• What is one of the effects of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?
• What does TCV stand for in hemodialysis?
• Common signs of first use syndrome include:
• What is the function of a proportioning system in dialysis?
• A blockage in which anatomical structure can cause postrenal failure?
• How does an ultraviolet irradiator function in water treatment?
• What is identified as the primary cause of anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
• What condition is one of the leading causes of death in people with kidney disease?
• What type of reaction predominantly occurs during hemoperfusion?
• Who is credited with the development of the first artificial kidney?
• What potential complication can arise from rapid ultrafiltration?
• What is the recommended daily limit for sodium intake?
• How do the kidneys respond to low oxygen levels in the blood?
• Intrarenal failure often results from direct damage to what organs?
• What is the typical range for total dialyzer surface area?
• What symptom is typically associated with kidney conditions like hypo fusion?
• What is a common complication of untreated kidney disease related to heart function?
• Which of the following conditions would most likely result in muscle weakness?
• What does encephalopathy refer to?
• The continuous improvement of quality in healthcare is referred to as what?
• Which hormone produced by the kidneys is responsible for triggering red blood cell production?
• Which substance is primarily corrected during hemodialysis for metabolic acidosis?
• Which of the following is a common sign of hyperkalemia?
• What is urea nitrogen a byproduct of?
• Which process involves the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration?
• What is the minimum transferrin saturation percentage indicating adequate iron levels?
• What is the main effect when materials adsorb to the dialyzer membrane?
• Which condition could lead to postrenal failure as a result of urinary obstruction?
• Which impurity is most commonly found in tap water?
• What acts as a filter in peritoneal dialysis?
• Osteosclerosis refers to which condition?
• What type of system is the water distribution piping in dialysis?
• What happens to biocompatibility when a membrane is not suitable for the human body?
• What is the primary function of a sediment filter in hemodialysis?
• Who invented the first internal AV fistula?
• What is one of the endocrine functions of the kidney?
• Which two items are involved in ion exchange within a water treatment process?
• What is the purpose of priming a hemodialysis system?
• Which of the following factors is not considered relevant to the clearance of a dialyzer?
• What is the maximum molecular weight of organic materials accepted before rejection?
• What is the main purpose of the semipermeable membrane in dialyzers?
• What does CCPD stand for in dialysis terminology?
• What is the pH range for feed water as noted in medical procedures?
• What is a common cause of pruritus in hemodialysis patients?
• What process is typically involved at the onset of acute kidney failure?
• What method is primarily used to treat patients with end-stage renal disease?
• What is the primary concern regarding dialysis patients and anemia treatment?
• What is the primary function of electrolytes in the body?
• What is Reverse Osmosis primarily used for?
• What condition is indicated by the rapid removal of urea during hemodialysis?
• How is the Ultra Filtration Rate (UFR) calculated?
• What are bicarb and salt used for in hemodialysis?
• Carbon tanks are primarily used to remove which of the following from water?
• Homeostasis refers to:
• What is the temperature that a blending valve aims to maintain for treated water?
• What is the recommended hemoglobin level in dialysis patients?
• When was the Medicare law establishing treatment for ESRD patients passed?
• Which of the following is essential for the safety of dialysate delivery?
• Which of the following are types of ultrafiltration systems?
• Elevated levels of which substance are most closely linked to pruritus in dialysis patients?
• What test may be performed on new dialyzers?
• How does ultrafiltration primarily function in dialysis?
• What occurs during convection related to dissolved substances in a solvent?
• Which of the following is not typically associated with high phosphorus levels in hemodialysis patients?
• What is a common sign of electrolyte imbalance in the body?
• Which factor is NOT considered when calculating ultrafiltration rate?
• What change occurs to bacteria when exposed to ultraviolet light in an irradiator?
• Phosphorus is mainly found in which part of the body?
• What type of bacteria is described as surviving in water and forming an electronically charged biofilm?
• Where are the kidneys located in the human body?