Why are granular activated charcoal materials used in water treatment?

Granular activated charcoal materials are primarily used in water treatment due to their ability to absorb impurities. This substance is highly porous and has a large surface area, which allows it to capture a wide range of contaminants, including organic compounds, chlorine, and other undesirable substances present in water. The adsorption process involves the binding of these impurities to the surface of the activated charcoal, effectively removing them from the water and improving its quality.

Through the process of adsorption, activated charcoal can significantly reduce the levels of taste and odor compounds, making the water more palatable. However, it does not enhance flavor in the sense of adding beneficial tastes; rather, it helps eliminate unwanted tastes. Unlike the addition of minerals, which is an entirely different process aimed at fortifying water, or heating water, which would be counterproductive in the context of purification, the function of granular activated charcoal is centered around its absorption capabilities. This makes it a crucial material in the purification and treatment of water systems.