What term describes a painful infection caused by peritoneal dialysis?

Peritonitis is the correct term for a painful infection that can occur as a complication of peritoneal dialysis. This condition arises when the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, becomes inflamed, typically due to an introduction of bacteria or other pathogens through the catheter used in dialysis. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, fever, and changes in the dialysis fluid, making timely recognition and treatment essential to prevent severe complications.

The other terms refer to different types of infections or conditions. Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, nephritis pertains to kidney inflammation, and dermatitis involves skin inflammation. These conditions do not relate specifically to complications arising from peritoneal dialysis, which is why they are not the correct answer in this context.