What is the term for the shriveling of blood cells due to fluid loss?

The term that describes the shriveling of blood cells due to fluid loss is crenation. This occurs when red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, which has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cells. As a result, water moves out of the cells in an effort to equalize solute concentrations, leading to the shrinkage and distortion of the cell's shape. This process is particularly observable under a microscope, where affected cells exhibit a spiky appearance due to loss of volume.

Hemolysis, on the other hand, refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells, typically in a hypotonic environment where water enters the cells, causing them to swell and eventually burst. Hyperemia pertains to an increase in blood flow to a tissue and has no relationship to cell shrinkage. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, but it does not specifically denote the process of cell shrinkage or shriveling. These concepts are relevant to understanding cell response to different solutions and the changes that can occur in blood cells during hemodialysis procedures.