What is a potential serious outcome of Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome if not managed properly?

Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) is a condition that can occur during hemodialysis, primarily due to rapid changes in the patient's serum chemistry, particularly a swift decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. One of the most severe potential outcomes of DDS, if it is not properly managed, is death. This is because the abrupt shift in fluid and electrolyte balance can lead to serious neurological disturbances and complications, including cerebral edema.

When the osmotic gradient between the inside of the cells and the extracellular fluid changes too quickly, it can cause fluid to move into the brain cells, leading to increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and ultimately, if not addressed, can result in death.

Other options, while they may represent serious health issues, are not typically direct outcomes of Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome. Dehydration and organ failure can occur in various contexts related to kidney disease and inadequate dialysis but are not the hallmark risk specifically associated with DDS. A heart attack may be a concern in patients undergoing dialysis due to other underlying health conditions, but it is not a primary or direct outcome resulting from Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome. Thus, highlighting the life-threatening potential of DDS underscores the critical need for careful monitoring