What is a biofilm primarily composed of?

A biofilm is primarily composed of a complex aggregation of microorganisms that are embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This matrix, often described as a slimy coating, is primarily made up of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, which enables bacteria to adhere to various surfaces, including medical devices, tissues, and aquatic environments. The slime protects the bacteria from external threats, including antibiotics and immune responses, allowing them to survive in hostile conditions.

This unique composition is essential because it facilitates communication and nutrient sharing among the bacterial community. The biofilm structure provides structural integrity, thereby enhancing the durability and resilience of the organisms within it. In the context of medical and hemodialysis settings, understanding biofilm formation is crucial, as it can contribute to potential infections and complications if bacteria establish colonies on dialysis equipment or in vascular access sites. Therefore, recognizing the slime as a key component of biofilms highlights its significant role in microbial adhesion and stability.