In which year was the first artificial kidney developed?

The development of the first artificial kidney, known as the dialysis machine, is credited to the pioneering work of Willem Johan Kolff, who created it in 1943. This invention marked a significant milestone in the field of nephrology and changed the course of treatment for patients with kidney failure. Kolff's design utilized a rotating drum with cellophane tubes to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, mimicking the natural function of the kidneys. This advancement laid the groundwork for modern dialysis therapy, offering a life-saving option for patients who had no other means to remove toxins from their bodies. The year 1943 is therefore correctly associated with this groundbreaking achievement in artificial kidney technology.