In what year was the first internal arteriovenous (AV) fistula invented?

The invention of the first internal arteriovenous (AV) fistula in 1966 marked a significant advancement in the field of hemodialysis. This procedure, developed by Dr. Basil P. K. Hirsch, created a reliable and efficient means to access the bloodstream for dialysis treatments by surgically connecting an artery to a vein. The internal AV fistula became the preferred method for vascular access due to its durability, lower risk of infection, and better long-term outcomes compared to other access methods, such as external catheters.

Understanding the timeline is essential as this innovation laid the groundwork for advancements in dialysis techniques and has significantly influenced patient care for those with kidney failure.