In hemodialysis, what is the consequence of prolonged hyponatremia?

Prolonged hyponatremia, which is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, can lead to significant neurological complications. This occurs because sodium is crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and facilitating the proper functioning of neurons. When sodium levels drop, water moves into cells to balance the concentration gradient, leading to cellular swelling. In neurons, this swelling can result in various neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or even coma.

The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in sodium concentration, and rapid fluctuations can cause cerebral edema, which can further exacerbate neurological deficits. Therefore, the potential for neurological complications is a critical consequence of prolonged hyponatremia, highlighting the importance of maintaining proper sodium levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis.